The Islamic Era in the UAE starts in 622 A.D when its inhabitants and the people of Oman adopted Islam voluntarily. After the death of Mohammed the Prophet some tribes that lived in the Dibba region along the East Coast of the Emirates rebelled. A decisive battle was fought between the forces of Islam and the rebellions in the year 632 A.D. The rebellions were defeated and rejoined Islam. The explorations carried out at Dibba are limited and therefore the archaeological materials from the beginning of Islam are not known. The large number of cemeteries in the region should not be considered as a result of the above-mentioned battle without tangible evidence.

Julfar was the second ancient city mentioned by historians as a base for the Muslim troops. From Julfar, which is located on the mouth of the Arabian Gulf, Muslim fleets set sail to the coast of Fars inviting the people for Islam. Recent excavations at Kush in Ras Al Khaima showed traces of early Julfar at the site. Former excavations along the coast to the north of the city of Ras Al Khaima brought to light archaeological remains from late Julfar i.e. from the fourteen century AD onwards. Trade with the Far East was thriving during the period of Early and Late Julfar.

Another early Islamic evidence is the coastal site at Jumairah, which is part of Dubai today. This site played an important role in the trade between the lower and upper Gulf during the Abbasid period. A recently discovered mosque in the Al Ain City, tentatively dated to this period, gives hope for more discoveries in the future.

Islamic sites dated to the 16th century A.D and later are known in many areas of the UAE. They can be seen in the oases, on the coasts and in the desert proper as well. The extensive surface finds can sometime indicate a semi- permanent habitation.